Through the survey and the potential risk evaluation on the environmental quality of the sediment of the seven sections in Anning River basin and the soil around the seventeen enterprises belonging to non-ferrous metal ore mining and smelting and pressing of nonferrous metals in the southwest of Sichuan province, what can be concluded as follows: the concentration of six metal elements such as As,Cr,Pb,Cd,Hg and V in the sediment is highest in the state of Liangshan, especially in the section in the county named Mianning, what’ s more, the sediment pollution of which is the most seriously and the pollution level in sediment of Pb,Cd and As reach moderate and severe degree, the reason of above maybe the amassing of core resources such as rare-earth core in county of Mianning and the influence of the enterprise of smelting mineral in the upstream. The concentration of V and Cr,As and Cd respectively takes on most significant and significant correlation, according to that, what can be inferred is that the elements have the same source in view of the associated minerals. The environmental quality of the soil around different industries and enterprises diverges greatly. The soil range and degree of exceeding the standard of Cd are most wide and severe, and the display of the soil pots occurring potential ecological risk is patchy, the soil range of exceeding the standard of V and Hg is relatively wide, Hg in soil occurs more severe potential ecological risk and the risk degree of other elements in soil is low, because different enterprises use different raw material and different production technology.%通过对攀西区域安宁河流域的7个断面底泥以及该区域17家典型涉重金属工业周边土壤进行环境质量状况调查和生态风险评价，结果显示，底泥中6种重金属砷、铬、铅、镉、汞和钒含量在凉山州境内特别是冕宁县断面含量最高，污染最重，攀枝花境内米易县部分含量较低；底泥中铅、镉和砷等出现了中重度污染，且钒和铬含量、砷和镉含量之间分别呈极显著和显著相关，同源性特征明显，土壤中镉超标范围最广，超标程度最重且呈面状重度风险，钒和汞超标范围较大，汞出现较重风险，其余为低度风险。
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