以陕西省重金属工业污染源为例,利用等标污染负荷法和单位产值等标污染负荷法,从污染物种类、时间变化、空间分布、行业排放4个方面,分析了陕西省工业污染源重金属的排放特征,重点比较了1991 ～ 2009年近20年以来重金属排放特征的变化.结果表明,近20年陕西省工业污染源重金属等标污染负荷大小排序为铅＞砷＞镉＞六价铬＞汞；1991 - 2009年,重金属排放总量呈较大下降趋势,单位产值重金属排放总量呈显著下降趋势；1991年重金属等标污染负荷最大的行政区和流域分别为渭南市和渭河流域,2009年则转移至西安市和嘉陵江流域；1991年和2009年,污染负荷最大的行业均为有色金属矿采选业、有色金属冶炼及压延加工业,其铅排放应作为整治的重点.%Taking Shaanxi heavy metals industrial pollution, for example, utilization of standard pollution load method and unit output equal standard pollution load method, from the variety of pollutants, time change, spatial distribution, industrial emissions from four aspects of Shaanxi province, analyzes the industrial pollution emission characteristics of heavy metals, mainly compares 1991~2009 nearly 20 years since heavy metal emissions characteristics of change. The results showed that nearly 20 years of Shaanxi province industrial pollution sources such as heavy metals pollution load sequence for Pb > As > Cd > Cr6 + > Hg, 1991 - 2009, heavy metal emissions is larger, the unit output decline heavy metal emissions are significant decline, In 1991 , such as heavy metals pollution load marking the biggest administrative region and basin respectively, Weinan and Weihe basin, 2009 is transferred to Xi' an and Jialing river flow; In 1991 and 2009, pollution load the biggest industry are nonferrous metal CaiXuanYe, non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry. Shaanxi nonferrous metal CaiXuanYe, non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing of lead emissions as renovation focus.
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