目的：探讨抗生素相关性腹泻（ antibiotic associated diarrhea ，AAD）的危险因素及治疗对策。方法：回顾性分析823例应用抗菌药物住院患者的临床资料，统计AAD的发生率；分析AAD与抗菌药物的应用关系，探讨AAD发生的影响因素。结果：AAD的发生率为6.68％（55／823）；发生AAD患者的粪便性状以稀水泡沫样便为主，占74.55％（41／55），伴有黏液（含脓血）或黏膜脱落坏死各占16.36％（9／55）、9.09％（5／55）；引起AAD的抗菌药物种类繁多，主要为头孢菌素类；引起AAD的主要影响因素主要包括抗菌药物应用种类多、时间长及患者年龄较大等。结论：AAD的发生与多种因素有关，应合理选择抗菌药物，以减少AAD的发生。%OBJECTIVE:To probe into the risk factors and countermeasures of antibiotic associated diarrhea ( AAD) .METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical information of 823 inpatients who were treated with antibiotics; the incidence of AAD was counted .The application relation of AAD and antibiotics was analyzed , and then the influential factors that induced AAD was discussed .RESULTS: The incidence of AAD was 6.68%(55/823);the predominant fecal character in patients with AAD was loose foamy stool , accounting for 74.55%( 41/55 ); accompanied by mucus ( containing purulent blood ) and necrosis of mucosa , accounting for 16.36%(9/55)、9.09%(5/55), respectively.A variety of kinds of antibiotics could cause AAD , the chief one was eneration cephalosporins;the influential factors that included AAD mainly included the broad types of antibiotics , long-term usage and old age of patients .CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of AAD is associated with various factors .Rational selection of antibiotics can reduce the incidence of AAD .
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