对9种食用菌的碱水提取物的提取率、化学成分(多糖含量、蛋白含量、多酚含量和糖醛酸含量)和体外抗氧化活性(ABTS阳离子自由基清除率、DPPH自由基清除率和总还原力)进行了比较.结果表明9种食用菌碱水提取物的得率为2.6％～13.7％;多糖含量为321.3 mg/g～628.4 mg/g;蛋白含量为36.1 mg/g～493.9 mg/g;糖醛酸含量为24.6 mg/g～326.3 mg/g,此外多酚含量为7.2 mg/g～24.2 mg/g.9种食用菌碱水提取物中,灵芝水提取物具有更好的ABTS+·阳离子自由基清除率(EC50值为0.3 mg/mL)和更强的总还原力;金针菇水提取物表现出更强的DPPH自由基清除率(EC50值为2.2 mg/mL).同时发现9种食用菌碱水提取物的总还原力与其多酚含量密切相关(R2=0.942 7);与其蛋白含量具有一定的弱相关(R2=0.527 6).其ABTS+·清除率与多酚含量和糖醛酸含量的相关度较低,分别为0.482 6和0.307 3.结果表明真菌碱水提取物中抗氧化活性主要与其多酚和蛋白相关.%A comparative study on extraction rate,chemical composition (content of polysaccharide,protein,polyphenol and galacturonic acid),antioxidant properties (the ABTS+· scavenging rate,DPPH· scavenging rate and reducing power) of alkaline extracts of nine mushroom (including five medicinal and edible mushrooms and four edible mushrooms were collected from northeast of China) was conducted.The result showed that the yield of the nine mushrooms ranged from 2.6 ％ to 13.7 ％.The content of polysaccharides was range from 321.3 mg/g to 628.4 mg/g,the protein content was range from 36.1 mg/g to 493.9 mg/g,the content of uronic acid was range from 24.6 mg/g to 326.3 mg/g,and the polyphenol content was range from 7.2 mg/g to 24.2 mg/g.Alkaline extracts of Ganoderma lucidum showed the best ABTS+· scavening rate (EC50 value =0.3 mg/mL) and reducing power,alkaline of Flammlina velutipes showed the best DPPH· scavenging rate (EC50 value =2.2 mg/ mL)All the mushroom polysaccharide extracts showed a highly strong correlation between the reducing power and the phenols (R2 =0.942 7) and a moderate correlation between the reducing power and the proteins (R2 =0.527 6).The correlations between ABTS+· scavenging rate and polyphenol content,and uronic acid content were 0.482 6 and 0.307 3,respectively.The results showed that the antioxidant activity of alkaline extracts of mushroom was mainly related to the polyphenols and proteins.
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