Study was conducted on genetic diversity and genetic structure of first filial generation based on microsatellite molecular marker for Chongqing, Yongfeng and Xingan breeding bases, China. The results showed that 13 microsatellite lo-ci was polymorphism and the number of allele was 8~16. The range of PIC, Shannon diversity index, observed heterozy-gosity, expected heterozygosity, Hard -Weinberg genetic deviation index were 0. 35 ~0. 84, 1. 61 ~1. 64, 0. 108 1 ~0. 825 5, 0. 384 6~0. 856 8, 0. 718 9~0. 072 5, respectively. The results indicated three cultured population had higher genetic diversity. Genetic structure of population analysis showed that the three populations had genetic divergence, and cultured population in the Xingan city was conspicuous. Analysis of genetic structure of 5 samples collected from the Gan-jiang River inferred that they come from the first filial generation in Yongfeng and Xingan breeding base, and the result pro-vided basis for artificial releasing monitoring.%利用13个微卫星分子标记研究了我国重庆、江西永丰、江西新干三个胭脂鱼( Myxocyprinus asiaticus)繁殖基地子一代群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示,13个微卫星位点均呈现多态性,等位基因数目为8~17个,多态信息含量为0．35~0．84, Shannon多样性指数为1．61~1．64,观测杂合度为0．1081~0．8255,期望杂合度为0．3846~0．8568, Hard-Weinberg遗传偏离指数(D)为-0．7189~0．0725,表明三个养殖群体遗传多样性均较高。从群体间的遗传结构看,三个养殖群体间存在遗传分化,其中江西新干胭脂鱼养殖群体内具有显著的遗传分化。野外采自赣江的5尾胭脂鱼的遗传结构分析推断其可能来自永丰和新干胭脂鱼繁殖基地的子一代个体,其结果对胭脂鱼的人工放流监测有指导意义。
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