运用PCR扩增、克隆、测序等技术对洞庭青鲫(Carassius auratus var.Dongtingking)、彭泽鲫(C.auratus var.Pengze)、普通鲫(C.auratus)、红鲫(C.auratus var.red)、日本白鲫(C.auratus cuvieri)等5个鲫品系线粒体DNA ATPase8和ATPase6基因序列的碱基组成、变异情况和分子系统进化进行了比较分析.结果显示:5个鲫品系线粒体DNA ATPase8/6基因序列碱基的平均组成为A:32.6%,C:25.5%,G:12.6%,T:29.4%,序列分歧率为0.5%～4.0%,其中普通鲫和日本白鲫的分歧率最大(4.0%),洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫的分歧率最小(0.5%).在5个鲫品系中,红鲫和普通鲫的亲缘关系较近,洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫亲缘关系较近,而它们与白鲫的亲缘关系则较远,推测红鲫、洞庭青鲫和彭泽鲫均起源于普通鲫.5个鲫品系在线粒体DNA ATPase8/6基因序列碱基位点上的差异可以作为区分不同鲫品系的分子遗传标记.%The base composition, variation and phylogeny of the mitochondrial ATPase 8 and ATPase 6 were compared and analyzed among five strains of Carassius auratus ( Dongtingking crucian carp, Pengze crucian carp, crucian carp, Red crucian carp and Japanese crucian carp) by PCR amplification, clone and sequencing. In the five strains of Carassius auratus, the pereentnges of average base compositions of the mitochondrial ATPase genes were A: 32. 6％, C: 25.5％, G: 12.6％ and T: 29.4％, respectively. The sequences percent divergences were between 0 ～4.0％, the highest percent divergence (4. 0％ ) was between crucian carp and Japanese crucian carp, and the lowest percent divergence (0. 5％ ) was between Dongtingking crucian carp and Pengze crucian carp. Analysis of the sequences percent divergences and phylogeny indicated that the Red crucian carp had a extremely close relationship with the crucian carp, and the Dongtingking crucian carp also had a extremely close relationship with the Pengze crucian carp, and all of them had a farthest relationship with Japanese crucian carp. It was speculated that the Red crucian carp, Dongtingking crucian carp and Pengze crucian carp could originate from the crucian carp. Moreover, the nucleotide divergence loci of ATPase8/6 sequences will be some good molecular markers as a distinction among diferent strains of Carassius auratus.
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