Based on an in-depth interview with 35 faculty members of a research-intensive university located in the Midwest of the United States, the author conducts a qualitative study on the setting of training goals of doctoral education in different disciplines, including Chemistry, Mathematics, Economics and English. It is found out that the overall target of doctoral education is shifting from preparing stewards of discipline to training employees, and that distinct disciplinary differences still exist in the training goals of doctoral education due to the rationality of action embedded in disciplinary culture.%采用质性研究方法，对美国中西部一所研究型大学的35位教师进行了访谈。选择化学、数学、经济学和英语作为典型学科，着重探讨不同学科博士教育目标的定位问题。研究结论：博士教育目标的总体趋势是从培养学科看护者向培养可雇佣人转化，但是，由于学科文化的行动理性，博士生培养目标呈现显著的学科差异。
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