The influence of active pharmaceutical ingredients（API） on the aquatic environment has been increasingly concerned in recent years.The main pathways of API into the environment are through waste discharge from pharmaceutical enterprises,excretion from the body and irrational disposal of unused or expired pharmaceuticals.The ratio between predicted environmental concentration（PEC） and predicted no effect concentration（PNEC） was introduced to evaluate the environmental risk of API in an API management practice,and the environmental risk includes both the effect of API on the aquatic environment and its disturbance to the biological wastewater treatment plant.The method can be applies to the environment management of API for both pharmaceutical enterprises and governmental authorities.%药物活性成分（API）对水环境的影响近年来日益引起关注。API可通过制药企业的废弃物排放、未完全被吸收利用的API排泄以及过期药物的不合理处置三种途径进入水体。通过具体案例分析介绍了制药企业采用预测环境浓度（PEC）和预测无效应浓度（PNEC）的比值对API的环境风险进行评估的方法,API的环境风险包括对自然水体的影响和对污水生物处理系统的干扰。该方法可作为API环境影响分析评价的有效工具用于制药企业的环境管理或者政府部门的监管工作中。
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