Dicer protein plays a very important role in RNA interference and there is a certain difference in quantity and structure of Dicer protein between different biological sources. The Dicer protein quantity and function increases and differentiates gradually during the biological evolution process of plant kingdom, but the Dicer protein quantity and function decreases and integrates gradually during the biological evolution process of animal kingdom. There is a certain difference in the structure between different Dicer proteins, but they all contain RNA helicase domain, PAZ structure domain, Rnase Ⅲ structure domain and dsRNA combination structure domain normally. The research progress in evolution and structure of Dicer protein molecule is reviewed from aspects of Dicer protein type, evolution, structure function domain and action model in the paper.%Dicer蛋白在RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)途径中起着非常重要的作用,不同生物来源的Dicer蛋白在数量和结构上均存在着一定的差异.在植物界的生物进化过程中,Dicer蛋白的数量逐渐增多,功能逐步出现分化;而在动物界的生物进化过程中,Dicer蛋白的数量逐渐减少,功能却逐步整合.不同Dicer蛋白之间存在着一定的结构差异,但一般均含有RNA解旋酶(RNA helicase)结构域、PAZ结构域、RnaseⅢ结构域和双链RNA结合结构域等.从Dicer蛋白的种类及分子进化、结构功能域和作用模型等方面对Dicer蛋白分子的进化与结构的研究进展进行了综述.
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