Objective To understand the diseases commonly occurring in unusually hot weather and to provide data for clinical physicians and disease prevention sectors.Methods The clinical data of the outpatients admitted to the emergency room in the summer (during the period from 1st July to 30th September) of 2013 and 2014 were collected and analyzed. Findings The average temperature of summer in 2013 was significantly higher than that in 2014 and there were more days of high temperature (≥35℃) and unusually high temperature (≥40℃) in the summer of 2013 than in the summer of 2014. 1716 cases in 2013 and 1796 cases in 2014 were admitted respectively, with signficantly more cases of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, acute gastroenteritis and sunstroke admitted in 2013 than in 2014 (p <0.01).During the period of persistent extremely high-temperature(≥40℃) , the incidences of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were significantly higher in number.Conclusion Cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, acute gastroenteritis and sunstroke are diseases that were found to have higher occurrence rate than other diseases during the unusually high-temperature period of 2013 summer season and the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases significantly increased during the unusally hot period.%目的：研究高温天气下急诊疾病谱变化，为临床医生及疾病预防部门提供高温天气疾病防治策略一线数据。方法对比分析2013年高温夏季（7－9月）杭州市第一医院急诊成人门诊（除产科外）救治疾病谱，结合气温特点进行统计学分析。结果2013年7－9月平均日最高气温及最低气温、高温（≥35℃）及极端高温（≥40℃）持续天数都远远高于2014年同期；2013年7－9月共收治1716例病例，2014年7－9月共收治1796例病例；2013年7－9月收治的心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、急性胃肠炎、中暑患者比例高于2014年同期；2013年气温持续≥40℃阶段，心脑血管疾病比例明显升高。结论高温夏季心脑血管疾病、急性胃肠炎、中暑等疾病的发病率明显升高，且持续极端高温时心脑血管疾病发病率升高显著。
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