Objective To understand the spread patterns and characteristics of contagious diseases emerging in China from year 2008 to 2012 and develop scientific prevention and control measures for countering the diseases.Method The data of contagious diseases emerging in China from year 2008 to 2012 were collected and analyzed.Findings 39 strains of diseases from Class A, B and C were reported during the five years.34,122,500 cases altogether had been identified during the years and the yearly incidence rate on average was 508.95/10 million.The incidence rate was found to keep increasing.The five most infectious diseases were viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, bacillary and amebic dysentery, and gonorrhea. Conclusion The incidence of contagious diseases in China kept increasing over the past five years.The countermeasures for preventing and controlling the contagious diseases should be strengthened.%目的：了解中国2008-2012年传染病发病特点和流行趋势，为制定防制措施提供依据。方法收集2008-2012年中国法定传染病疫情资料，对流行病学情况进行分析。结果5年间共报告甲乙丙类传染病39种，累计发病3412．25万例，年平均发病率为508．95／10万；5年间发病率、死亡率均呈上升趋势（均P＜0．001）；年发病率居于前5位的为病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾、淋病。结论近五年来，中国传染病发病率总体呈上升趋势，应加强对传染病的防控。
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