Objective To analyse the causes and the clinical characteristics of upper airway cough syndrome ( UACS) in children. Methods Eighty-four children patients with UACS who were treated in our hospital between 2016 ～2017 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into preschool children group and school-age children group according to their age. According to the nature of cough, the patients were divided into dry cough group and wet cough group. The main symptoms and signs of UACS were observed and analyzed. Results Among 84 patients, there were 46 cases of sinusitis,20 cases of rhinitis combined with sinusitis, 16 cases of allergic rhinitis, 2 cases of adenoid hypertrophy combined with sinusitis. The naso sinusitis was more common in preschool children group and school-age children group,there were 30 cases and 16 cases,respectively. Moreover , allergic rhinitis was main etiological factor in dry cough group,in which, there were 12 cases in preschool children group and 3 cases in school-age children group. The naso sinusitis was main etiological factor in wet cough group,in which, there were 21 cases in preschool children group and 13 cases in school-age children group. Among the 46 patients with naso sinusitis,there were 19 cases of maxillary siusitis,17 cases of heavily sinusitis,7 cases of maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis,3 cases of maxillary and sphenoid sinusitis. In addition the main symptoms were cough in the day time,with nasal obstruction, runny nose,moreover, the follicular hyperplasia in pharynx posterior wall was observed. Conclusion The common etiological factors in children with UACS are naso sinusitis, rhinitis-naso sinusitis and allergic rhinitis,which vary according to the nature of cough and patient' s age,therefor, it is helpful for definite diagnosis to inquire detail history,to perform reasonable physical examination and to ask specialist consultation.%目的 分析儿童上气道咳嗽综合征(UACS)的病因构成和临床特点,提高对该病的认识.方法 选取2016至2017年以慢性咳嗽为主诉,至呼吸专科就诊的84例UACS儿童为研究对象,分析UACS的病因构成,依据年龄分为学龄前组、学龄组;依据咳嗽性质分为干性咳嗽组、湿性咳嗽组.研究UACS的主要症状和体征.结果 84例UACS中病因分别是鼻窦炎46例、鼻炎-鼻窦炎20例、变应性鼻炎16例、腺样体肥大合并鼻窦炎2例;学龄前组和学龄组以鼻窦炎为主,分别为30例和16例;干性咳嗽组以变应性鼻炎为主,其中学龄前组12例,学龄期组3例;湿性咳嗽组以鼻窦炎为主,其中学龄前21例,学龄期组13例.46例鼻窦炎病因组成为上颌窦炎19例、全副鼻窦炎17例、上颌窦和筛窦炎7例、上颌窦和蝶窦炎3例.咳嗽以日间为主,伴随鼻塞、流涕,查体发现咽后壁滤泡增生或者分泌物挂流.结论 儿童UACS在慢性咳嗽的比重不容忽视,常见病因构成是鼻窦炎、鼻炎-鼻窦炎、变应性鼻炎;病因分布随着咳嗽性质变化及年龄不同而存在差异,详细询问病史、合理检查及时请专科会诊有助于明确诊断.
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