The electromagnetic environment generated by radiating-wave simulators could simulate the free fields of the high altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP)approximately.However,the electromagnetic fields imposed on the devices under the real threat environments were the synthesized fields from the incident waves and the reflected waves.The total fields synthesized by the incident and reflected waves of the free electromagnetic fields on different situations above the lossy earth were calculated. Through comparing the field strengths and waveforms of the total fields with the initial incident waves,the features of the synthe-sized fields nearby the ground were analyzed.An equivalent calculating method from the simulated environment to the real envi-ronment was suggested,and the correction factor of the simulated environment was calculated using this method for the 45°polar-ized incident wave.Based on the results,we proposed that the devices should be tested for at least three mutually orthogonal ori-entations and electromagnetic pulse widths should be reduced appropriately for the experiments of radiating-wave simulators.%辐射波模拟器产生的脉冲电磁环境能够近似模拟高空核爆电磁脉冲(HEMP)的自由场,然而在实际 HEMP 威胁环境中,施加在地面设备上的电磁场是电磁脉冲入射波与地面反射波的合成场。通过计算不同入射情况下,HEMP 自由辐射场经损耗地面反射叠加形成的总电场,对比其与初始入射场的强度及波形变化,分析了地面附近合成电磁场的特点。提出一种将模拟环境效应与实际环境效应进行等效转换的计算方法,应用该方法计算了入射波电场45°极化情况下的模拟环境效应修正因子。分析计算结果,建议在开展 HEMP效应的辐射波模拟试验中,应将受试设备放在至少三个相互正交的方向上进行测试,同时适当减小模拟器产生电磁脉冲的宽度。
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