Proton and alpha differential spectrum from galactic cosmic radiation(GCR) and solar particle event (SPE) were analyzed, also calculations about inside shielding environment and skin dose were performed. Through simulation we confirmed the precise of Geant4 again. The depth dose distribution of the inside radiation was calculated to get more information about the space environment inside shielding. As a conclusion, both with GCR proton and alpha particle there is no obvious decrease of dose with Al shieldingi however, SPE spectrum does weaken as it has different energy distribution. We calculated the skin dose under different shielding thickness of 1972 SPE, obvious dose decrease was attained with increase shielding thickness.%针对空间辐射环境进行了理论分析,并使用蒙特卡罗方法,对银河宇宙射线及典型太阳质子事件进行了模拟.通过分析常规屏蔽对空间辐射场及人体剂量的影响、屏蔽下的次级粒子产额等,验证了蒙特卡罗工具包Geant4应用于空间辐射防护研究的准确性.模拟发现:在常规屏蔽厚度的情况下,对于太阳质子事件,由于其能量主要分布在低能量段(100 MeV以下),屏蔽效果随屏蔽厚度的增加明显增大,1 g/cm2 Al等效厚度屏蔽皮肤剂量可降低至其初始剂量值的8％左右,10 g/cm2 Al等效厚度的屏蔽可降低至初始剂量值的0.48％左右；而对于银河宇宙射线,由于其平均能量较高,屏蔽层的屏蔽作用并不明显,在浅层组织剂量甚至有所增加.
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