The paper did road performance test on the asphalt mixture with adding two different forms of basalt mineral fiber, and observed fracture morphology of fiber asphalt mixture through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , analysed the improvement mechanism of mineral fiber. Experiment results-show that two kinds of mineral fibers all can effectively improve the high temperature stability and low temperature resistance of asphalt mixture, But short cut mineral fiber showed a bad influence on mixture water stability, Mainly becase this fiber had larger hygroscopic and poor adhesion with asphalt interface, the improvement mechanism of cotton mineral fiber were performance of tackify, stable, resistance to crack and toughening; the improvement mechanism of short-cut mineral fiber were performance of tackify , resistance to crack and toughening. At the same time, two kinds of mineral fiber had weaker capacity to absorpt asphalt, which can state that the fiber didnt increase asphalt content while improving the road performance, thus save the cost effectively.%对掺加2种不同形态的玄武岩矿物纤维的沥青混合料进行了路用性能试验,并通过扫描电镜观测纤维沥青混合料的断口形貌,分析了矿物纤维的改善机理.研究得出:2种矿物纤维均能有效改善沥青混合料的高温稳定性和低温抗裂性,但是短切矿物纤维对混合料的水稳定性有不良影响,主要是纤维吸湿性较大且与沥青界面黏附不良造成的.矿物棉纤维的改善机理表现为增粘、稳定、阻裂及增韧作用；短切矿物纤维的改善机理则表现为增粘、阻裂及增韧作用.同时,2种矿物纤维吸收沥青能力均较弱,说明纤维在改善路用性能的同时,并没有过多增加沥青用量,从而节约了成本.
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