Purpose: studying how the ancient Chinese military archery promotes the development of modern sports. Method: historical retrospection, literature analysis and logical analysis. Result and Conclusion:Describing the development of military training archery: the beginning in hunting in Xia Shang Xizhou Dynasties; growing in Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods; continuously improved in the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Three Kingdoms; varieties in forms in the Wei-Jin North-South Period; the appearance of theoretical monograph and mentoring relationship in Sui and Tang Dynasties; ameliorated in check-up system; regulated in archery training methods in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. By analysis, it is aimed at showing the winding course of how archery as a military training developed into a populace entertainment sports and promotes folk sports' development, which indicates what important contribution military archery has made to sports development.%研究目的：古代军事射箭对现代体育发展的促进作用。研究方法：历史追溯法、文献分析法、逻辑分析法。研究结果和结论：描绘出军事训练项目射箭，经历从夏商西周时期的萌芽；春秋战国时期的发展；秦汉三国时期的不断进步；西晋南北朝时期的形式多样化；隋唐时期理论专著与师徒相援的出现；宋辽金时期射箭考核制度的完善；明清时期射箭训练方法的规范及兴于狩猎的发展历程。通过分析反映射箭从军事训练项目发展成大众娱乐体育项目的曲折历程，促进民间体育发展的轨迹，显示出军事射箭活动对体育发展的重要贡献。
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