现有文献对银行业高利润现象的研究大多框定在行业内，而行业间比较明显不足。将含银行业在内的所有行业视为全社会利润竞赛者纳入竞赛理论框架中，有助于更好揭示银行业利润来源与变化。运用竞赛理论分析行业层面的利润竞赛机制，得出市场结构、政治背景、规模以及人才储备等先天优势是促成行业高利润的关键因素的结论。进一步地，选取我国2008-2012年各行业的数据对这些要素与行业利润的关系进行实证检验，对银行业与其它行业进行比较，并分析了银行业特性。最终得出：银行业在竞赛伊始具有的规模、市场结构和人才禀赋等方面的“先天优势”和银行业独有的“信息与经营优势”是促成其以往高利润的主要原因。%Firstly,this paper has analyzed the competition mechanism among industries by the tourna-ment theory,and found that congenital advantages which contain industry structure,background of govern-ment,as well as the talent reserve,are the key factors contributing to highly profitable industry. Secondly,the relationships between these factors mentioned above and industries’ profits have been empirically tested by u-sing 2008-2012 data of industry in China. At the same time,it compares the banking industry to the other industries and analyzes the characteristics of the banking sector. Finally,it finds that the banking industry ad-vantages in such aspects as assets,market structure,talent reserves,as well as the unique information and op-eration advantage are more than other industries,and these congenital advantages bring banking industry high profits.
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