In order to determine the combined effects of migration and gene flow on evolution of insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens, four samples were collected in China, among which two were collected along the railway from Beijing to Guangzhou. Bioassay data showed that the resistance levels of the four populations to dichlorvos were high and to parathion moderate as compared with the susceptible strain and there was no significant difference among the four populations to the same organophosphate (OP) insecticide. Starch electrophoresis was done to identify the frequency of known overproduced esterases and to analyze genetic diversity among various populations by electrophoretic polymorphism of five presumably neutral loci. The results indicated that the gene flow between populations existed and the number of effective migrants (Nm) was related to collection geography ( Nm from 1.67 to 40.07). In contrast with lower genetic differentiation between two nearby populations (between GZ and ZS, ZZ and SQ) and higher genetic differentiation between two distant populations (between GZ and ZZ), there was a significant and inconsistent difference in the distribution of resistance alleles, A2-B2 when explained only with active migration. This divergent situation could be straightened out when considering passive migration (such as railway transport) which increased the spread of A2-B2 along the railway, i.e., in GZ and ZZ. The resistance alleles, A2-B2, dispersing to around areas by active migration suffered from the limitation of gene flow and the speed of invasion.%为了明确迁移和基因交流在杀虫剂抗性基因进化中的作用,我们从四个不同的地区采集有机磷抗性的库蚊野生种群,利用淀粉电泳鉴定了各种群中存在的已知过量产生酯酶的分布频率,并通过5个假定的中性位点的电泳多态性分析了种群间的遗传多样性.结果表明种群间的基因交流是存在的,遗传分化与地理位置存在一定关系,而抗性等位基因A2-B2的分布却与种群间的遗传分化不一致.对这种差异的解释是:被动迁移(铁路运输等)加速了抗性基因的交流,而当抗性基因以自然迁飞的方式向周围地区扩散时,却是一个相对缓慢的过程.
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