Fimbriae(Fim), one of the important pathogenic factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis), plays an important role in the attachment to host cells. Filamentous protrusions on the surface of the cell increase the attachment to the cell and salivary protein, extracellular matrix, eukaryotic cells, and similar other species of bacteria. These protrusions also participate in the formation of biofilms. FimA protein, the main subunit of the fimbriae of P.gingivalis, is not only related to the invasion into epithelial cells and connective tissues in periodontal tissue but also has a certain destructive effect on the alveolar bone. This paper describes the biological characteristics and virulence of P.gingivalis fimbriae.%菌毛（Fim）是牙龈卟啉单胞菌的重要致病因子之一，对宿主细胞的黏附发挥着重要作用。Fim是细胞表面的丝状突起，增强了细胞对唾液蛋白、细胞外基质和真核细胞以及同类或其他种属细菌的黏附性并参与生物膜的形成。FimA蛋白是牙龈卟啉单胞菌Fim的主要亚单位，与该菌侵入到牙周组织的上皮细胞及结缔组织内有关，而且还对牙槽骨具有一定的破坏作用。本文主要就Fim蛋白的生物学特性及其毒力等研究进展作一综述。
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