微核糖核酸（miRNA）是一种大小含21～23个核苷酸的非编码单链小RNA分子，参与细胞的分化、增殖和凋亡以及个体发育等多种生物学过程。多种miRNA在免疫系统中发挥了极其重要的作用，在某些自身免疫病如类风湿性关节炎和系统性红斑狼疮中有异常表达，是自身免疫病发生发展中重要的调控因素。本文就miRNA及其在免疫反应中的调节作用、与自身免疫性疾病和口腔癌前病变的相关性等研究进展作一综述。%Micro ribonucleic acid(miRNA) is small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules about 21-23 nu-cleotides in length, which involved in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, developmental. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that miRNA played an extremely important role in the immune-system; it is aberrantly expressed in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemiclupus erythe-matosus. And it is important regulatory factor of occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we review the many newly discovered roles of miRNA regulation in immune functions and the relationship between autoimmune diseases, oral precancerous lesions and miRNA.
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