[目的]研究中华绒螯蟹经过多年的人工养殖、跨流域引种和增殖放流等活动可能会对其遗传特性造成的影响.[方法]基于下一代GBS测序技术,利用SNP标记对辽河家系、辽河野生、长江群体、海南群体、黄河群体进行遗传特征分析.[结果]经过条件为测序深度4×、Miss0.5、次要等位基因频率(MAF)>0.05的过滤后,共获得652746个高质量的SNP位点用于群体的遗传分析,各群体平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.0844～0.1249,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.0974～0.2003,群体平均π值(Pi)为0.1583～0.2544,群体Fi的平均测量值(Fis)为0.0542～0.23843.两两群体间遗传分化指数Fst值结合系统发生树,可以看出,长江群体与海南群体的遗传距离较近,分化较小,表示海南的中华绒螯蟹苗种可能来自长江流域.[结论]该研究揭示了不同水系中华绒螯蟹的遗传差异,探讨了其遗传多样性水平,为中华绒鳌蟹资源的合理开发利用与保护提供理论依据.%[Objective] To assess the genetic diversity and population structure of the wild and cultured E.sinensis populations (i.e.).[Method] Based on Genotyping-by-Sequencing technology,genetic character of Liaohe pond-reared population (LC),Liaohe wild population (LW), Changjiang pond-reared population (CJ),Hainan pond-reared population (HN),Huanghe pond-reared population (HH) was analyzed by using SNP marker.[Result] After screening with parameter of dp4,miss0.5 and minor alleles frequency (MAF)>0.05,a total of high quality 652746 SNP sites were retained to analyze genetic character of population.The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was from 0.0844 to 0.1249,the mean expected heterozygosity (He) was from 0.0974 to 0.2003,the mean nucleotide diversity (Pi) was from 0.1583 to 0.2544,the average pairwise inbreeding coefficient Fis ranged from 0.0542 to 0.23843.Both the F-statistic (Fst) among populations and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the CJ population had a very close relationship with HN population .It may indicate that the baby crabs of Hainan Province derived from Changjiang river.[Conclusion] The information may be beneficial for biodiversity conservation and management of E.sinensis.
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