利用铜仁国家基本气象站2008 ～2011年的酸雨观测月报表资料,分析了铜仁市415次大气降水酸碱度和电导率的时空分布特征以及年、季、月动态变化规律,详细介绍了当地政府治理酸雨和防治大气污染的应对措施.结果表明,铜仁市从2008年以来,大气降水主要以弱酸性降水和中性降水为主,出现降水pH＜5.6的酸雨频率很高,大气降水被酸化和污染程度较重.一年中,1～3月和11月酸雨污染最重,冬春季节酸雨强度较强,但pH年平均值和K值平均呈逐年升高和下降趋势,降水酸化和污染程度在逐年减轻;这主要得益于当地政府采取的一系列防治酸雨和大气污染的应对措施,使酸雨pH从2008年的4.99升高到2011年的5.54,酸雨出现频率从62.0％下降到33.7％,治理效果显著.%According to the monthly observation data of acid rain in Tongren from 2008 to 2011, the spatial distribution characteristics as well as the annual, seasonal and monthly variation laws of the pH and conductivity of 415 times rainfall in Tongren City were analyzed, the governmental policies to cope with the acid rain and prevent the air pollution were introduced in details. As indicated by the results, the rainfall in Tongren is mostly weak acidic and neutraJ since 2008, the frequency of rainfall with pH <5.6 is high, and the rainwater is seriously acidized and polluted. In the whole year, the pollution of acid rain is the heaviest from January to March and in November, the degree of acid rain is strong in spring and winter, the annual average pH and K show an upward and downward trend, respectively. The acidification and pollution of rainwater are decreasing year by year, which benefits from a series of countermeasures adopted by local government, the pH of the acid rain has improved from 4.99 in 2008 to 5.54 in 2011, while the frequency of acid rain has reduced from 62.0% to 33.7% , the control effect is remarkable.
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