Chloroplastid transformation has lots of advantages compared with traditional nuclear transformation, including high-efficient expression of exogenous gene, lack of position effect or gene silencing and lower environmental risk. Several crop species have stably integrated transgenes conferring agronomic traits, including herbicide, insect, and disease resistance, drought and salt tolerance. The plant of transplas-tid is an ideal system for bioreactor. But, this advanced technology is also confronted with a number of challenges, such as low transformation efficiency, ascertain regeneration systems and selection conditions of monocotyledon, sequence chloroplast genomes.%叶绿体转基因工程与核转基因相比具有明显的优越性,包括:外源基因的高效表达,基因的原核表达形式,无位置效应和基因沉默现象,环境安全性好.目前已经有许多作物品种通过叶绿体基因工程获得了抗除草剂、抗虫、抗病、耐盐耐旱的特性.叶绿体转基因植物是作为生物反应器的理想系统.但是叶绿体转基因也面临着许多挑战,如转化效率低、单子叶植物再生系统的确立与筛选以及叶绿体基因组序列的获得.
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