[目的]创建黄早四抗玉米丝黑穗病近等基因系,为其在育种和生产中的广泛应用奠定基础.[方法]采用常规的杂交、回交、自交技术与分子标记辅助选择相结合,对黄早四进行了抗丝黑穗病的成功转育,并对其近等基因系进行研究,观察回交转育成的近等基因系的抗感变异及配合力变化特点.[结果]对照黄早四发病率46%,入选的25个抗病黄早四近等基因系发病率均小于10%,入选率为92.6%;多数抗病黄早四近等基因系与对照黄早四之间的配合力差异不显著,而M135、M140等几个自交系所配制的杂交种产量突出,超过对照郑单958,表现出较高的配合力.[结论]试验所得抗玉米丝黑穗病黄早四近等基因系的表型和配合力都已经非常接近黄早四,而其抗玉米丝黑穗病能力大大提高,从而解决了黄早四不抗玉米丝黑穗病的难题.%[ Objective ] The paper was to establish the near isogenic lines of Huangzaosi maize with resistance against maize head smut, and to provide basis for its wide application in breeding and production. [ Method]Combing with hybrid,backcross and self-cross method,as well as molecular markers, Huangzaosi maize was successfully transferred with head smut resistance,and its near isogenic lines were studied. The characteristics of resistant and susceptible variation and the changes of combining ability of near isogenic lines after backcrossing transfer were observed.[ Result]The incidence rate of Huangzaosi maize in control was 46％ ;the incidence rates of the selected 24 near isogenic lines of resistant Huangzaosi were all lower than 10％ ,and the selected rate was 92.6％ ;the combining ability of most near isogenic lines of resistant Huangzaosi maize had no significant difference with that of Huangzaosi maize in control;the yields of hybrids prepared by several inbred lines such as M135 and M１４0 were outstanding,which exceeded the control Zhengdan 958, showing a higher combining ability. [ Conclusion ] The phenotype and combining ability of near isogenic lines of Huangzaosi maize with resistance against maize head smut obtained in the test were very close to Huangzaosi,and its resistance against maize head smut was greatly increased,thus solving the problems of Huangzaosi without resistance against maize head smut.
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