Community transformation is an inevitable product arising in the process of modernization and industrialization, and an important symbol in the process of urbanization. According to field observation and several interviews, it can be found that the community emerges a lot of challenges and dilemmas in the process of its transformation. This article analyzes the generative mechanism of the structural dilemmas in community governance from the institutional perspective. Based on analytical logic and actual research, targeted countermeasures and suggestions could be put forward from double dimensions of the government and the community, while it can be also pointed out that only when the country’s institutional arrangement is combined with social en⁃dogenous rules organically is the institutional performance able to be given full play to.%转型社区是现代化与工业化进程中出现的必然产物，构成城市化进程的重要表征。通过实地观察和走访，发现社区存在居委会与基层政府边界不清、社会资本弱化等问题。文章重点从制度视角分析了社区治理结构性困境的生成机制。基于分析脉络与调研实际，从政府与社区双维度提出针对性对策与建议，并指出只有将国家制度安排与社会内生规则有机统摄，才对提升社区治理能力。
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