为了分析城市道路车辆油耗分布特征及影响因素,以辅助交通节能减排控制策略的制定和实施,将北京市城市快速路出租车实际运行数据按道路、交通和工况条件进行划分,以累积油耗百分比、累积运行时间百分比、相对瞬时油耗及百公里油耗为指标,利用对比分析和方差分析方法,细致研究各条件影响下出租车油耗特征.分析结果表明:道路纵坡对车辆油耗具有显著影响,上坡相对瞬时油耗和百公里油耗较高,下坡较低;平面线形对油耗无显著影响.路段油耗与车辆运行时间成正比,因此,缓解道路拥堵、减少行程时间将带来较大节能效果.高速交通条件下油耗贡献率近50%,相对瞬时油耗较高,然而其百公里油耗最低,因此,对于固定距离的出行而言,保持高速较为节能.加速工况下燃油消耗占总油耗的53%,且其相对瞬时油耗和百公里油耗也较高;匀速工况居中,保持匀速是驾驶节能的较好选择.三因素对油耗影响程度大小为:交通条件>运行工况>道路条件,表明驾驶出行时,为减少行程油耗应尽量提前规划路线,绕避拥堵路段;同时,也表明缓解道路拥堵将能有效减少道路交通能耗排放.%Taxi operation data of urban expressway under different combinations of three factors including road type, traffic condition and driving mode was divided and then extracted. Taking cumulative fuel consumption percentage (CFCP),cumulative operation time percentage(COTP),relative instantaneous fuel consumption (RIFC) and fuel consumption per hundred kilometer (FCPHK) as indicators, distribution characteristics and influencing factors of fuel consumption were analyzed. Results show that road longitudinal slope has significant impact on vehicle fuel consumption. RIFC and FCPHK are higher on uphill while lower on downhill. Horizontal alignment has no significant effect on fuel consumption. There is a positive correlation between operation time and fuel consumption,which indicates that the fuel consumption is reduced by mitigating traffic congestion and reducing travel time. In high-speed traffic condition,FCPHK is higher while RIFC is lower. At a fixed distance travel,it is more energy-efficient to maintain a higher speed. CFCP nearly occupies high percent (53%) of total fuel consumption and its FCPHK and RIFC are higher than that of other driving modes. The rank of three factors of fuel consumption influencing degrees is traffic condition >driving mode >road type, which suggests that in order to reduce the fuel consumption, it's better to plan routes in advance and avoid congested road. Meanwhile,it also reveals that the mitigation of traffic jam effectively reduces the energy consumption.
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