Fishes are not only one of major groups with highest species diversity among vertebrates,but also one of important parts for studying vertebrate evolutionary processes.Based on available information from whole-genome sequencing of representative fish species, in order to understand changes in genomes or genes that occurred during vertebrate evolutionary processes from Agnatha to Chondrich -thyes and to Osteichthyes,this paper reviews genome duplication,evolution of important genes,and evolution of immune systems in fi-shes,aming to provide reference for future evolutionary genomics study on fishes.%鱼类不仅是脊椎动物中种类最多的一个类群,还是研究脊椎动物演化过程的重要环节之一.基于已完成全基因组测序的鱼类代表性物种信息,从鱼类的基因组倍增、重要基因的演化、免疫系统的演化等3个主要方面进行了概述,以期了解脊椎动物从原始无颌类到软骨鱼类再到硬骨鱼类演化过程中发生的基因组或基因变化,为今后鱼类进化基因组学研究提供一定的参考.
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