Based on the observation data from 15 agro-meteorological stations from 1980 to 2014 in Hei-longjiang province,By using of the active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥10 ℃ index for assessment of cold damage to maize in Northern China,this paper estimated the occurance of maize clod damage during seeding emer-gence and seven leaves period,during seeding emergence and tasseling period,during seeding emergence and milky maturity period,and the temporal and spatial distribution of cold damage were analyzed.This paper investi-gated the relationship between active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥ 10 ℃ and maize yield.The results showed that the sum of maize cold damage year is from 7 to 17 in the three critical development period during 1971 to 2014,and the occurance of cold damage is consistent with climate warming trend.The frequency of cold damage year decreased and its appearance was high from 1980’s to the middle 1990’s.In whole study area,the frequency of cold damage year in North was higher than that in South areas,and the occurance of cold damage showed the clustering,regional and local characteristics.From 1980 to 2014,the period of active accumulated temperature a-nomaly ≥10 ℃ was about 16 years in a large scale,and the temperature was low before 1995 and it was warming after 1995,but during seeding emergence and seven leaves period,it had been cold in the recent years in a small scale.Correlation between active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥10 ℃ and maize yield was significant in agri-cultural meteorological station from 67% stations,active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥10 ℃ was 100 ~200℃·d which was favorable to maize yield.Active accumulated temperature anomaly ≥10 ℃ indicated the biology and agronomy meaning of maize cold damage index,it showed the relation of heat supply and demand,which im-proved the objectivity of assessment of cold damage to maize.%利用1980－2014年黑龙江省15个玉米农业气象观测站的资料，基于中华人民共和国玉米冷害评估气象行业标准规定的≥10℃积温距平指标，对玉米3个发育关键时期出苗－七叶期、出苗－抽雄期、出苗－乳熟期的冷害进行动态判识，并分析其时空演变特征，同时应用统计方法分析积温距平与玉米实际单产的关系。研究结果表明：①1980－2014年间，玉米3个发育时期内的冷害年数在7～17年之间，冷害发生对气候变暖趋势具有明显的响应；②1980－2014年间研究区玉米3个发育时期冷害的发生随时间呈减少趋势，1990年代中期以前为高发期，之后冷害发生频率下降。空间分布上，冷害呈现北多南少特征，并具有群发性、区域性和局地性特点；③1980－2014年间，研究区玉米3个发育时期的≥10℃积温距平具有16年左右的周期变化，总体表现为1995年以前偏冷，之后偏暖，其中玉米出苗－七叶期积温距平存在最近几年偏冷的趋势；④研究区67％的站点≥10℃积温距平与玉米实际单产存在显著或极显著的相关关系，积温距平为100～200℃·d，利于玉米高产；⑤≥10℃积温距平指标赋予玉米冷害判识指标生物学和农学意义，充分表征玉米不同发育时期热量需求与供给的关系，有效提升作物冷害判识的客观性。
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