To ensure safe and stable running of a train that travels at speeds of 200 km/h or more , the lateral and vertical profiles of 30 m and 300 m chords have been accepted as middle and long wave regularity rate in high-speed railways . The lateral and vertical profiles of 30 m and 300 m chords cannot be inspected by the tra-ditional track maintenance technology of manual method . High-precision track-surveying trolleys were used to collect track coordinate elevation data to control middle and long wave irregularities in track . The track-survey-ing trolley used initial lateral and vertical profiles calculated by the model of differential offset method as invari-ant to control the lateral and vertical profiles of middle and long waves with difference values of adjustments . Results of the model of differential offset method were obviously stochastic subject to the position of starting inspection point . Neglection of change of endpoints of reference chords would result in model error . According to the measurement data , using the method of the track-surveying trolley , the irregularity overrun rate after track adjustment was 18.9% .Due to the disadvantages , the improvement of measurement accuracy may not effectively help control the track irregularity for checking and accepting the high-speed railway line . Therefore , this paper proposed a novel lateral and vertical profile irregularities of high density constraints of four point de-viations model w hich improved the inspection accuracy of the model of differential offset method . According to the analogue adjustment experiment , the experimental results showed that the novel model can control lateral and vertical profiles of middle and long waves of the track anywhere ,and optimize adjustments of fasteners .%为保证速度200 km/h及以上列车安全平稳运行,高速铁路增加轨道30 m弦和300 m弦中长波平顺指标.传统手工检测已无法满足该要求,需依靠高精度测量设备采集轨道坐标高程以控制轨道中长波不平顺.某进口高速铁路轨道检测设备将矢距差法模型计算的轨向高低不平顺作为不变量,结合调整量较差控制中长波轨向高低.受检测起点位置影响,矢距差法模型计算结果表现出显著随机性,忽略基准弦端点变化会产生模型误差.实测数据显示:采用这种模型,轨道调整后不平顺指标超限率达18.9%;若验收高速铁路线路,测量成果精度的提高可能无法有效控制轨道不平顺.因此,提出高密度四点偏差约束轨道方向高低模型,以提高矢距差法模型的检测精度.实测数据检验结果表明,模型不仅能够使任意位置中长波轨向高低满足检验要求,而且能获得最优扣件调整量.
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