A method to optimize the performance of balise antenna electromagnetic transmission was proposed to improve the telegram receiving ability of on‐board train control equipment . The balise system was modeled by electromagnetic simulation software ,and the correctness of the model was verified combined with theoretical a‐rithmetic . Using the model for simulation analysis , three indexes were determined to evaluate balise antenna electromagnetic transmission performance comprehensively . The BP neural network was established and the sample data was selected by uniform design to train neural network , to obtain the nonlinear mapping relation‐ship between the size of the balise antenna and the electromagnetic transmission performance . Finally , com‐bined with the nonlinear optimization ability of particle swarm optimization algorithm , the optimal length‐width ratio of tele‐powering receiving antenna and up‐link transmitting antenna were found .%为了提高列控车载设备可靠接收应答器报文的能力，本文提出一种优化应答器天线电磁传输性能的方法。通过电磁场仿真软件建立应答器系统模型，结合理论计算验证模型的正确性。利用此模型进行仿真分析，确定了综合评价应答器天线电磁传输性能的三项指标。建立BP神经网络，利用均匀设计选择样本数据进行神经网络训练，得到应答器天线尺寸与电磁传输性能之间的非线性映射关系。结合粒子群算法的非线性寻优能力，最终确定射频能量接收天线和上行链路发送天线在不同周长下的最优长宽比。
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