基于车辆在编组连挂时的缓冲器冲击修正模型，通过建立多组列车冲击模型、车体刚度串联模型以及车体-钩缓装置-车体的串联模型，分别研究不同列车编组数量、不同冲击工况、不同车体刚度及不同阻抗特性的车辆缓冲器的组合对车辆纵向冲击特性的影响。结果表明，当冲击车和被冲击车的数量均大于2时，最大车钩力与车辆的数量间不存在明显关联，且此时冲击面的车钩力比编组为其他数量时的车钩力大，因此在进行车辆冲击试验及缓冲器性能测试时，冲击车和被冲击车的数量均大于2较为合理。当车体刚度较小、冲击速度较高时，车体刚度会对车钩力产生较大影响；冲击车和被冲击车具有不同阻抗特性的缓冲器组合冲击时，其最大车钩力和缓冲器行程会不同。因此，新型缓冲器的阻抗特性应设计为在低速冲击时具有柔性，从而保证低速冲击时的车钩力平缓增长，而在高速冲击时应体现为刚性，以限制缓冲器的最大行程。%On the basis of the vehicle impact equation and corrected draft gear model,the vehicle impact model, vehicle structure stiffness series model and vehicle-coupler-vehicle series model of multi-group vehicles were built to study the effect of different numbers of grouped vehicles,different conditions of vehicle impacting and vehicle body stiffness and combinations of draft gears of different resistance characteristics on longitudinal vehi-cle impulses.The results indicate as follows:when both the impacting train and impacted train consist of more than two vehicles,the maximum coupler force is not significantly related to the number of vehicles and the cou-pler force is larger than those of other grouping of vehicles so it is more rational to select the impacting train and impacted train of more than two vehicles in vehicle impact and gear performance tests;the small vehicle structure stiffness in high speed impacting has obvious effect on the coupler force;combinations of draft gears of different resistance characteristics generate different maximum coupler forces and different draft gear strokes;therefore,for new types of draft gears,resistance characteristics should be designed flexible for low speed impacting to ensure slow growth of the coupler force and be designed rigid for high speed impacting to limit the maximum stroke of the draft gear.
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