在石油开采过程中经常因杆管偏磨而造成油管泄漏、油杆断裂等事故从而影响油田经济效益,而抽油杆与油管内壁接触挤压处的侧向力大小是研究杆管防偏磨的关键.首先根据力的分解与合成原理创新提出一种任意应力合成测量方法,然后基于该测量方法设计一套井下杆管侧向力测试仪,其具体包括机械、电路和软件等3部分.其中,机械部件参照实际油管接箍连接形式设计,固定于井下两段油管之间;硬件电路主要对微弱的桥路电压信号进行滤波、放大、A/D转换、存储、通讯等工作;软件程序分为下位机和上位机程序两部分,分别实现数据的采集、存储、通讯和数据转换、分析处理等.室内精度测试和现场应用试验结果表明:提出的任意应力合成测量方法科学合理,所设计的侧向力测试仪强度、耐压、耐温和测量精度等能够满足实际测量要求,对油田杆管偏磨研究和防治具有较好的指导意义.%During oil production,pipe leakage and rod breakage are often caused by eccentric wear of rod and tube,thus can affect significantly the productivity of oil fields. At the extrusion,the lateral contact force between the sucker rod and the in-ner wall of the tubing is the key to understanding eccentric wear prevention. Firstly,from the principle of force decomposition and addition,a method to measuring arbitrarily stress addition is presented in this paper. Then a lateral force detector is de-signed based on this method, which includes three parts: the mechanical parts, the hardware circuit and the software pro-gram. Among them,the mechanical parts are designed according to the connection form of the actual tubing coupling,which is fixed in the well between two sections of tubing. The hardware circuit is responsible for filtering,amplifying,A/D conver-ting,storing,and communication of the weak voltage signals from the bridge detector. The software program includes lower computer and upper computing programs,which are responsible for data acquisition,storage,and communication;and data conversion and analysis,respectively. Finally,the results obtained both in the lab and in the oil field show that the proposed lateral force detecting method is scientifically sound,and the designed lateral force detector can meet the field requirements in strength,pressure resistance,temperature resistance and measurement accuracy,and may provide significant reference for future studies in prevention of the eccentric wear of sucker rod in oil field.
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