以棕榈油脂肪酸甲酯(fatty acid methyl ester,FAME)和三羟甲基丙烷(trimethylolpropane,TMP)为原料,经酯交换反应制备可用作生物润滑油基础油的三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸三酯(trimethylolpropane fatty acid tiester,TFATE).通过比较FAME的转化率和TFATE在反应混合物中的含量,探讨了催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、反应物物质的量比及真空度对反应的影响.最佳合成条件为:催化剂为三羟甲基丙烷钾(Trimethylolpropane mono potassium salt,TMP-K),催化剂添加量为TMP-K与TMP物质的量比0.02:1,反应时间1h,反应温度128℃,FAME与TMP物质的量比4∶1,反应压力为300 Pa,在此条件下,脂肪酸甲酯的转化率为91.78％,反应混合物中TFATE质量分数为90.11％.经分子蒸馏分离纯化后终产品TFATE质量分数为97.02％.%The trimethylolpropane fatty acid triester (TFATE) .which was used as base oil for biolubricants,was synthesized by transesterification of the raw materials of palm oil fatty acid methyl esters ( FAME ) and trimethylolpropane (TMP). Reaction parameters, including catalyst type, catalyst dosage, reaction time, reaction temperature, mole ratio of FAME to TMP and the influence of vacuum on reaction, were investigated by comparing the conversion efficiency of FAME and TFATE content in the reaction mixture. Results showed that trimethylolpropane mono potassium salt (TMP - K) did the best performance for the reaction,and the optimal reaction parameters were listed as follows; mole ratio of TMP - K to TMP of 0. 02= 1,mole ratio of FAME to TMP of 4: 1,reaction pressure of 300 Pa,reaction temperature of 128℃ and reaction time of 1 h. Under these conditions, the reaction mixture contained 90. 11wt% TFATE and the conversion ratio of FAME reached 91. 78%. After removal of trimethylolpropane fatty acid monoester (TFAME) and unreacted FAME by molecular distillation,the content of TFATE in the final product was 97.02wt%.
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