Objective To analyze and clarify anatomical strata of lumbar spine laterals and adjoining relationships a-mong essential structures thereof;to gauge distances between the fundamental neighboring structures and establish a security scope for lumbar spine lateral fusion;to evaluate the feasibility and safety of applying extreme lateral inter-body fusion ( XLIF) to domestic patients;to further study the applied value of this novel fusion technique in its clini-cal treatment of domestic patients. Methods Ten fresh adult human cadavers and 2 formalin-soaked cadavers were contributed to the investigation. Placed in the lateral decubitus position ( operative position of XLIF) , Kirschner wire was inserted under the perspective of C-arm X-ray Machine into the cadaver till it reached L2~5 intervertebral discs. Following the direction of Kirschner wire, the particular sect was dissected layer by layer. The following distances should be measured:distances between lumbar nerves and the sympathetic trunk at lumbar spinal laterals;distances between adjoining lumbar segmental vessels at lumbar spinal laterals;and distances between margo anterior and margo posterior of lumbar vertebrae body. Results The operative approach of XLIF was relatively safe. In the vicinity of the operative approach route no nerves, blood vessels or other important structures were detected. There was a safe range (29 mm × 30 mm) in the area among side lumbar, segmental vessels, sympathetic truck and lumbar, in which there was relatively no nerve and vessel;left and right side vertical dimension from sympathetic trunk to lumbar had no statistical significance(P>0. 05). the side away from the vertebral segmental vessels adjacent left and right side no significant difference ( P>0. 05 ); lumbar side XLIF minimally invasive surgical procedure safe range L2~3:27 mm × 30 mm ( correction value 0. 72 mm × 0. 65 mm) , L3~4:30 mm × 32 mm ( correction value 0. 76 mm × 0. 71 mm) , L4~5:29 mm × 32 mm ( correction value 0. 76 mm × 0. 69 mm) . Conclusions In the process of XLIF, The safety area at the lumbar lateral is fairly broad, therefore, the degree of safety of XLIF in this area is compara-tively high.%目的：明确国人腰椎侧方解剖层次以及重要组织结构的毗邻关系,评价腰椎极外侧椎体间融合术( XLIF)的可行性和安全性。方法选取10具新鲜尸体标本和2具福尔马林固定的尸体标本,取侧卧位( XLIF体位),在C臂机透视下模拟XLIF手术入路,将克氏针打入L2~5椎间盘中央,沿克氏针方向逐层解剖。测量腰椎侧面正中线腰神经与腰椎前缘交感干之间的距离、腰椎侧面正中线相邻腰节段血管之间的距离以及腰椎各椎体中线位置前后缘距离。结果 XLIF的手术入路相对安全,入路周围未见神经、血管等重要结构。在腰椎侧方,腰节段血管、交感干和腰神经之间存在着一个相对无血管、神经的“安全范围”,其大小约为29 mm ×30 mm；交感干至腰神经的垂直距离左右两侧差异无统计学意义( P>0．05)；椎体侧面相邻节段血管的距离左右侧差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。腰椎侧面XLIF微创手术操作的安全范围：L2~3：27 mm ×30 mm (修正值0．72 mm ×0．65 mm),L3~4：30 mm ×32 mm(修正值0．76 mm ×0．71 mm),L4~5：29 mm ×32 mm(修正值0．76 mm ×0．69 mm)。结论在XLIF入路周围,腰椎侧方“安全范围”较大,在该范围内进行XLIF手术操作安全性较高。
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