目的 了解新生儿和母体的脂肪酸营养状况以及胎盘在胎儿营养中的作用.方法 采用气相色谱方法测定和分析20组的正常妊娠妇女血液、胎盘和新生儿脐血中的脂肪酸成分.结果 共20例孕妇,平均年龄(27.0±4.5)岁,平均孕周为(38.0±3.0)周,娩出新生儿平均出生体质量(3320±127)g.测得母血、脐血和胎盘中的脂肪酸共18种,包括饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸,其中母血中的总脂肪酸含量(3.51±0.57)g/L明显高于新生儿脐血中的含量(0.74±0.18)g/L,近5倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);母血中的亚油酸(LA)含量高于新生儿脐血和胎盘,胎盘中花生四烯酸(AA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的含量明显高于母血和新生儿脐血,新生儿脐血中的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量高于母血和胎盘,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 母体通过胎盘优先转运长链多不饱和脂肪酸AA和DHA来满足胎儿和新生儿生长发育的需要.%Objectives To explore the nutritional status of fatty acids in the newborn and their mother, and the role of the placenta in fetal nutrition. Methods The composition of fatty acids in blood, placenta, and neonatal umbilical cord blood were determined and analyzed by gas chromatography in 20 normal pregnant women. Results In 20 pregnant women in the study, average age was 27.0±4.5 years, the average gestational age of their newborns was 38.0±3.0 weeks, the average birth weight of newborns was 3320±127 g. There were 18 types of fatty acids in maternal blood, umbilical cord and placenta, including saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The total fatty acid content in maternal blood (3.51±0.57 g/L) was 5 times higher than that in umbilical cord blood (0.74±0.18 g/L), and there was statistically difference (P<0.05). The content of linoleic acid (LA) in maternal blood was higher than that in umbilical cord blood and placenta; the content of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexenoic acid (DHA) in placenta was significantly higher than that in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood; and the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in umbilical cord blood was higher than that in maternal blood and placenta. All differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Mothers preferentially transport long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (AA and DHA) through the placenta to meet the needs of fetal and neonatal growth and development.
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