2008年，阪崎肠杆菌（Enterobacter sakazakii）被重新命名并被划分成一个新的属即克罗诺杆菌属（Cronobacter spp.），是人和动物肠道内寄生的一种革兰氏阴性无芽孢杆菌，也是一种重要的食源性条件致病菌。2012年，克罗诺杆菌属被进一步重新分类并包括7个种。该属菌株能引起严重的新生儿脑膜炎、坏死性小肠结肠炎和菌血症，严重的可引起神经系统后遗症和死亡。目前，国内外的多篇报道证明婴儿配方粉是其主要的传染源和传播媒介。因此，准确和快速鉴定克罗诺杆菌属菌株是预防和控制该病原菌的重要举措。本综述简要介绍了截止目前克罗诺杆菌属菌株的主要检测方法，期望能为我国检测机构提供一定的借鉴和帮助。%Cronobacter spp. was originally defined as yellow-pigmented Enterobacter cloacae until 1980 when it was designated Enterobacter sakazakii, is a Gram-negative opportunistic food-borne pathogen that can cause necrotising enterocolitis, sepsis and meningitis in neonates. Neonates and infants under two months of age are at greater risk of Cronobacter infections from consuming Cronobacter spp. contaminated powdered infant formula. In 2012, the genus was reclassified to contain seven different species. Rapid and accurate identification of Cronobacter strains is important for surveillance, prevention and control of this food-borne pathogen. Moreover, this review summarizes main methods for detection and identification of Cronobacter spp., which will be of great benefit to the testing organizations in China.
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