少年法的基本理念之一为"国家亲权".国家亲权的起始与英国封建制的土地制度密切相关,由土地领主的亲权发展为之后的君主亲权.与财产利益相关的君主亲权不同的是,亲权制度发展到美国,不再局限于财产性利益,更多地关注少年的人身性权利,并成为了美国少年司法制度建立与发展的奠基石.国家亲权的理论支撑为家长主义.国家作为全体公民的家长,基于他们的长远利益与社会利益,对公民个人的自治作出限制,并在特定的情况下替他们作出最佳抉择.显然,国家的家长主义立场符合少年身心发展的特点,同时也符合少年法中儿童利益最大化的基本原则.虽然国家亲权并未纳入我国的少年法系统,但是它为我国的少年法的发展提供了许多新的思路.国家应当明确自身的少年立法责任,注重少年司法程序的衔接性,并充分利用自身的购买社会服务功能,构建少年司法社会服务体系.%As one of the basic theories of juvenile law,parens patriae is closely related to the feudal tenure in England w here parens patriae developed from lord's parenspatriae into monarch's parenspatriae.In contrast with monarch's parens patriae which concentrates on the property profits,parens patriae in the United States is not limited to the property profits of juveniles.Instead,it attaches more importance to personal rights and has become a cornerstone of the juvenile justice system in the United States.Paternalism is the basic theory of pa-rens patriae.As parents of its citizens,the state may limit citizens'autonomy for the benefits of the society and their long-term profits,and makes the best choices for its citizens under some special circumstances.Apparent-ly,paternalism is in line with the characteristics of juveniles,and meets the requirements for maximizing the interests of children coded in juvenile law.In China,parens patria is not adopted in juvenile law system,but it provides some new ideas for the development of Chinese's juvenile law.The state should clarify its responsibil-ity of juvenile legislation,focus on the connectivity in the juvenile justice procedure,fully use its function of buying social services,and construct the social service system of juvenile justice.
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