土地整治的生态风险评价与管理是生态文明背景下土地整治项目可持续发展的客观要求."十三五"期间,土地整治投资和力度规模持续加大,在对区域社会和经济发展带来积极作用的同时,也会对区域生态系统结构与功能产生深远影响,如何管控土地整治的生态风险受到越来越多的关注.在系统阐述了土地整治生态风险的内涵与特点的基础上,分析了土地整治不同生态效应所对应的生态风险因子与评价指标体系,提出了基于土地整治全过程分析的生态风险识别、评价与管控的思路,并将生态系统服务功能的提升作为生态风险评价的重要内容,克服了以往生态风险研究更多侧重生态系统结构与功能本身变化的局限性,并指出了土地整治生态风险所需要关注的科学问题与发展趋势.%Ecological risk assessment and management of land consolidation are two objective requirements of the sustainable development of land resources under the background of ecological civilization.During the 13th Five-year Plan period, land consolidation will increase in investment and scale, which will not only bring about positive effects on regional social and economic development, but also have profound impacts on structure and functions of regional ecosystems.How to monitor and control ecological risks has become an issue causing more and more attention.On the basis of systematic elaboration of the connotation and characteristics of ecological risks of the land consolidation, analysis was done of ecological risk factors and evaluation index system relative to ecological effect of land consolidation, and thereof, a new idea was brought forth about identification, assessment and control of ecological risks based on full-process analysis of land consolidation projects, including ecosystem service functions as an important content of ecological risk assessment.Thus the limitation of the researches in the past on ecological risk has been overcome with more emphases on changes in structure and functions of an ecosystem.Scientific issues and development trend that need more attention in tackling ecological risks of land consolidation are pinpointed.
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