For the safety of agricultural produce, eco⁃environment and human health is of crucial importance to standardize farmers′behavior of pesticide application. Based on the data of the survey in Hubei P rovince and Hainan Province involving 800 farmer households on pesticide application, an empirical analysis was performed of relationships be⁃tween background, eco⁃environment awareness and pesticide application behaviors, including choice of intervals between applications, preparation of pesticides of different concentrations, disposal of pesticides leftover, etc.. Results show that background of the farmers, namely, genders, education level, planting scale and size of family household, has significant influences on their pesticide application behavior, while eco⁃environment awareness of the farmers has significant impacts not only on their pesticide application behaviors, but also on the relationship between farmers′background and their pesti⁃cide application behaviors. The essential features of farmers′pesticide application behavior have been objectively analyzed and it may serve as a theoretical basis for studies on cost⁃saving and eco⁃agricultural production.%规范农民的农药施用行为对农产品质量安全、生态环境保护和人体健康至关重要。从农民生产行为理论出发，运用湖北省和海南省800个农户的调查数据，实证分析施药农民背景特征、生态环境保护意识与农药施用行为（农药安全间隔期执行、施药浓度配制、施药后剩余农药处置）的关系。结果显示，农民性别、文化程度、种植规模和家庭人口数等背景特征对其农药施用行为影响显著；农民生态环境保护意识不仅显著影响其农药施用行为，而且对农民背景特征和农民农药施用行为的关系具有显著的调节作用。
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