为了解上海市外环林带土壤动物群落的生态特征,于2010年11月对上海市外环林带香樟群落的9个样点进行系统调查.结果表明,共捕获土壤动物5 792头,分属6门12纲26个类群,优势类群有轮虫纲(Rotatoria)、涡虫纲(Turbellaria)、线虫纲(Nematoda)、蜱螨目(Acarina)和弹尾目(Collembola).区域环境及建成年份对土壤动物密度都有着明显影响:城乡结合部土壤动物密度最高,工业区最低；建成年份越早,土壤动物密度越低.在垂直方向上,土壤动物存在明显的表聚性.各样点间群落相似性并没有明显的规律性,但区域环境对土壤动物相似性有一定影响.不同区域土壤动物多样性规律存在明显差异,建成年份与土壤动物群落多样性也具有明显相关性,城区样点建成年份越早,多样性指数越高,而工业区则相反.由此可见,区域环境对土壤动物存在一定影响,而外环林带的建立能够缩小不同区域之间的差异,为土壤动物群落创造适宜的小生境.%To explore ecological features of the soil fauna in the forest belt around Shanghai, a systematical investigation was carried out centered on 9 sample plots of camphor woods in the forest belt of Shanghai in November 2010. A total of 5 792 soil animal individuals were collected, belonging to 26 groups of 12 classes under 6 phyla. The dominant species were Rotatoria, Turbellaria, Nematoda, Acarina and Collembola. The findings indicate that the impacts of regional environment and history of the establishment were significant on population density of the soil animals. The highest density was found in soils of the rural-urban fringe area, while the lowest one was in soils of the industrial areas. The earlier the industrial area was established, the lower the soil animal density was. In soil profiles, the animals tended to live in the surface soil layer. No specific regularity was found on similarity of animal communities between different sample plots, but regional environment showed certain influence on the similarity. And the difference in soil animal diversity was significant between different regions and between areas different in establishment history, too. In the urban area, the earlier the forest belt was established the higher its biodiversity was, while in industrial areas, it was just the opposite. In short, regional environment does have certain impact on survival of soil animal, but the establishment of the outer circle forest belt helps reduce the discrepancy of different areas and create a suitable habitat for soil animals.
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