Soil erosion being an important earth surface process, its environmental impact has aroused wide attention globally world over. From the angle of its influencing factors and basic principles of the generation of its environmental effects,the processes of soil water erosion were analyzed, leading to the assumption that soil water erosion is a "passive" or "secondary" process, which is affected and restrained by natural factors and human activities. The initiation and development of soil water erosion process will also act on local and allopatric environmental systems, demonstrating a series of environmental effects. The researches oriented towards environmental effects of soil water erosion are focused mainly on effects of soil water erosion on soil quality, plant productivity and vegetation restoration, non-point source pollution risk, carbon cycling and global change. An index system for evaluation of environmental effects of soil water erosion can be established and formed of four major aspects, i.e. water, soil, atmosphere and biology. It is, however, very difficult to formulate a standardized index system adoptable to all geographic environmental conditions and scenarios due to variability of research objectives and intrinsic spatial differentiation of the earth surface. In contrast, the modular formulation approach, which integrates basic indices with optional ones, is more operable. Specific indices and approaches to acquisition and analysis of their data are all scale dependent.%针对土壤水蚀过程,从其影响因素和环境效应产生的基本原理角度进行了分析,认为土壤水蚀是一个"受动"或"次生"过程,受到自然和人类活动因素的影响和制约;土壤水蚀的发生、发展也会影响本地和异地环境系统,表现出一系列环境效应.针对土壤水蚀环境效应的研究主要集中在水蚀过程对土壤质量、植物生产力与植被恢复、非点源污染风险、碳循环及全球变化的影响等方面.土壤水蚀环境效应评价的指标体系可以从"水"、"土"、"气"、"生"4大方面构建,由于地球表层固有的地域差异性以及研究目标的不同,很难形成能够适用于所有地理环境条件和情境的标准化指标体系.相比之下,基本指标加可选指标的模块化建构方式更具可操作性.具体指标及其数据获取和分析方法具有尺度性.
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