生境破碎化导致生物多样性降低,生态功能受损.构建生态廊道可以连通彼此隔离的景观元素,达到保护和恢复生物多样性、维护和传递生态功能的重要作用.该研究全面介绍了生态廊道的概念、起源和发展历程,从生物多样性保护、生态环境保护、生态安全格局建设及全球气候变化应对等方面分析生态廊道的生态学功能.介绍了生态廊道构建的关键理论和方法,并提出考虑生物生境、廊道长度和廊道质量对生态廊道有效性的影响.我国生态廊道研究起步相对较晚,多局限于城市绿化、景观审美以及小范围生态保护等方面,因此,通过分析国际大型生态廊道案例的构建依据、方法及其获得成果,为我国生态廊道建设提供借鉴.提出我国生态廊道应注重其在景观和区域尺度上的生态功能发挥,并可依托于已有的生态规划基础进行构建.%Habitat fragmentation leads to decrease in biodiversity and to damage of ecological functions. Construction of ecological corridors can connect separated landscapes elements, which plays an important role in protecting and restoring of biodiversity and in maintaining and delivering of ecological functions. The concept, origin and development of ecological corridor are introduced and the ecological functions of the ecological corridor are analyzed with respect to biodiversity protection, environmental protection of ecological resources, development of ecological security and suitable responses to global climate change. Furthermore, methods of construction of ecological corridors are examined based on the minimum cost distance model and the circuit theory, and the influences of the biotic habitat and the length and quality of the corridor on the effectiveness of the ecological corridor are discussed. Research on ecological corridors had a late start in China, and has been limited to the topics of urban afforestation, landscape aesthetics and small-scale ecological protection. By analyzing the basis for, the approaches to and the existing cases of the construction of large-scale international ecological corridors in an international setting, references for the construction of ecological corridors in China are provided. It is concluded that in China the construction of ecological corridors should be focused on their ecological functions at the landscape and regional scale and could be based on the existing ecological planning.
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