In order to quickly and automatically analyze the soft error sensitivity for microprocessors, a soft error sensitivity analysis method using FPGA-based fault injection is proposed. The fault and fault-free microprocessors on a FPGA are board run simultaneously. Moreover, a fault injection controller, a fault classification module and a fault list module are also implemented on the hardware. The method inherits the parallelism of the FPGA and achieves a fast and automatical fault injection for all storage bits. Further, using a PIC16F54 microprocessor as experimental subject, approximate 300, 000 soft errors are injected into the microprocessors to analyze its soft error sensitivity. In order to demonstrate the sensitivity evaluation efficiency of the method, the quite sensitive storage cells are hardened and the sensitivity is analyzed again. Compared to the simulation approach, experimental results show that the proposed technique achieves four orders of magnitude speedup.%为了自动快速地分析微处理器对软错误的敏感性，该文提出一种基于FPGA故障注入的软错误敏感性分析方法。在FPGA芯片上同时运行有故障和无故障的两个微处理器，并充分利用FPGA的并行性，把故障注入控制、故障分类、故障列表等模块均在硬件上实现，自动快速地完成全部存储位的故障注入。以PIC16F54微处理器为实验对象，基于不同负载分别注入约30万个软错误用以分析微处理器软错误敏感性，并对敏感性较高的单元加固后再次进行分析，验证该方法的有效性。实验数据表明，使用该方法进行故障注入及敏感性分析所需的时间比软件仿真方法提高了4个数量级。
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