The system of technical training in France was greatly reconstructed during the French Revolu-tion. Founded in 1794, theécole polytechnique was the core of the new French system of higher technical educa-tion, as well as a seedbed of eminent scientists. The French engineer school's original idea and curriculum were encyclopedic. It established a complete system of admission, examination, and administration and so on. Some controversial debates in its early history implied tensions between the practice of technical training and the goal of scientific education. Theécole polytechnique is one of the greatest engineering educational creations during the French Revolution.%在18世纪末动荡的政治、社会环境中,法国急需大量工程技术人才,同时,相关培养机构也需要为重建该国科学教育体制做出贡献.1794年,巴黎综合理工学院成立,并迅速成为高等专业教育体制的核心和领导者.该校最初的教育理念和课程计划渗透着启蒙主义精神,所建立的录取、考试、管理等制度,着力将理论与实践融合在工程师教育中.在其早期发展中的一系列争论与调整,体现了工程师培养和科学教育之间的张力.比如,是侧重培养学术精英,还是训练普通合格毕业生,是面向工程技术实践,还是强调数学和理论教育.巴黎综合理工学院的建立及其早期发展为现代高等理工科教育树立了典范.
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