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首页> 中文期刊> 《中国水产科学》 >三峡消落区鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类的鉴定及分布

三峡消落区鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类的鉴定及分布

         
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摘要

Three Gorges Dam is a vital project in the development and harnessing of the Yangtze River. Water-level fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir, which refers to the area along the Three Gorges Reservoir banks bounded by minimum (145 m) and maximum (175 m) water levels of the Three Gorges Reservoir, has provoked a series of ecological problems, which included soil erosion, reduction in ecosystem types, decrease in biodiversity and so on. However, effect of water level fluctuating on fish of early life history stages in the water-level fluctua-tion zone was not yet reported. In this study, the research area was between 150 km and 330 km from Three Gorges Dam, where fish eggs and larvae, exposed to water or remained in shallows, were collected. Based on dis-tribution of sampling places, the research area was divided into 8 regions, which were mainstream (down), Meixi River, mainstream (middle), Shilu River, Modaoxi River, Tangxi River, mainstream (up), and Pengxi River. Ac-cording to sampling time and place, and morphological characters of fish eggs and larvae, 132 samples were pre-served, including 1735 fish eggs and 150 larvae. Twenty-four samples were collected in mainstream. But only one sample in respective mainstream (middle) and mainstream (down) included respective one and nine larvae, in which no fish egg was found. In Modaoxi River, a tributary of Three Gorges Reservoir, there were the most sam-ples in this study, and 59 samples were collected including 733 fish eggs and 108 larvae. Due to insufficient mor-phological diagnostic characters in kraurotic fish eggs and larvae, it is easy to misidentify in the genus or species level. So, this study was employed DNA barcoding technology to identify the samples. DNA barcoding technology could be used as a rapid tool to distinguish morphologically similar species, and survey many uncertain species and species composition. Previous researches have shown that only molecular identification could guarantee iden-tification of fish eggs and larvae to the species level. Through mtCO I sequence alignment, and based on mtCO I sequences similarity values (species: >99%, genus: 92%-99%, family: 85%-92%), the samples were distinguished to 14 types, of which 10 types were identified to species: Cyprinuscarpio, Carassiusauratus, Hemiculterleuciscu-lus, Rhinogobius nagoyae, Rhinogobius giurinus, Opsariichthysbidens, Acheilognathusmacropterus, Pseudoras-boraparva, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Silurusasotus; three types were identified to genus: Rhinogobius, Rhodeus, and Neocaridina; and one type mtCOI sequence was the same with Rhodeusocellatus and Rhodeus sinensis. If fish DNA barcode database of Yangtze River or Three Gorges Reservoir could be completely and ac-curately constructed, and new molecular markers could be developed for fishes that can be not distinguished by mtCO I barcode, it would help to further identify fish eggs and larvae in the water-level fluctuation zone and in-vestigate fish resources of the Yangtze River. Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus had the largest proportion in the samples, 50.0% and 24.6% respectively, and widely distributed. The number and species of samples in up-stream of mainstream was more than downstream in the research area. It may be not only related to its topography, and also its fish resources. In Modaoxi River, the number and species of samples was the most in this research area, which contained nine fish species. The result showed that it was more affected from the water level fluctuating, at the same time, it also indicated that fish resource were rich in Modaoxi River, which should be got more attention in the future fish resources investigation and protection in Three Gorges Reservoir. This study employed DNA barcoding technology to identify fish eggs and larvae collected in partial water-level fluctuation zone, which would contribute to comprehensively assessing the effect of water level fluctuating on fish resources in water-level fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir.%三峡库区水位从每年3月的175 m逐步降低至6月的145 m,水位下降时间与库区部分鱼类产卵同步,对鱼类早期资源造成了严重的影响.本研究以距离大坝150 km至330 km范围的消落区为研究区域,通过普查方法收集暴露于水面或残留于浅滩的鱼卵和仔稚鱼,利用DNA条形码技术鉴定其种类,初步分析其鱼类组成和分布.通过对收集的样本进行mtCO I序列比对分析,可将其分为14种序列类型,其中10种类型鉴定到种的水平.鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和鲫(Carassius auratus)占测序样本比例最大,分别为50.0%、24.6%,且分布范围最广.在研究区域内,干流上游样品数量和种类均比下游多,另外,在支流磨刀溪采集了733粒鱼卵和108尾仔稚鱼、鉴定到9种鱼类,是本次研究中样品和种类最多的区域,表明磨刀溪受三峡库区消落影响最严重,间接暗示了该支流鱼类资源丰富,应给予重点保护.本研究旨在为全面评估三峡库区消落对鱼类早期资源的影响奠定基础.

著录项

  • 来源
    《中国水产科学》 |2017年第6期|1307-1314|共8页
  • 作者

    阮瑞; 张燕; 沈子伟; 李燕; 但言; 李创举; 倪朝辉;

  • 作者单位

    中国水产科学研究院 长江水产研究所, 农业部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430223;

    中国水产科学研究院 长江水产研究所, 农业部长江中上游渔业资源环境重点野外科学观测试验站, 湖北 武汉430223;

    中国水产科学研究院 长江水产研究所, 农业部长江中上游渔业资源环境重点野外科学观测试验站, 湖北 武汉430223;

    重庆市水产科学研究所, 重庆 401121;

    重庆市水产科学研究所, 重庆 401121;

    中国水产科学研究院 长江水产研究所, 农业部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430223;

    中国水产科学研究院 长江水产研究所, 农业部长江中上游渔业资源环境重点野外科学观测试验站, 湖北 武汉430223;

  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 chi
  • 中图分类 水产资源;
  • 关键词

    三峡消落区; DNA条形码; mtCOI; 鱼卵; 仔稚鱼; 分布特征;

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