Objective To explore the quantity and distribution of diatoms in main rivers and lakes in Xi-cheng, Dongcheng, Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan Districts of the city of Beijing. Methods Water samples were examined through the method of disorganizing, which were collected from 16 rivers and lakes in the central city of Beijing in September and October 2011. Diatom species and proportions of water samples were analyzed using DotSlide microscope station. Results A total of 10 species of diatoms were detected. Cyclotella, Synedra and Melosira etc. were found to be the dominant species via quantitative analysis. Significant differences were observed for diatom species and proportions among the different rivers and lakes. Melosira was found to be the dominant species in the Chang River; Synedra, in the Zhuan River, the Kunyu River and the Taoranting Park; Cyclotella, in the East Moat River, the Ba River, the Liangshui River and the Yongding River; and Navicula, in the Liangma River; Nitzschia, in the diversion canal of the Yongding River. Conclusion The features of distribution of diatoms in the central city of Beijing are outlined. The morphological and relative constituent ratio database of diatoms are established in central city of Beijing.%目的 研究北京市中心城区(西城区、东城区、朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区、石景山区)的主要河流及湖泊所含硅藻的数量及种属分布.方法 采集16个主要水域2011年9月和10月的水样标本,应用破机罐法检验硅藻,全景扫描数字切片工作站(DotSlide)对水样中的硅藻种属构成及相对丰富度进行鉴定.结果 共检见10种硅藻藻属,硅藻种群中小环藻属、针杆藻属、直链藻属等为优势藻属.各水域所含硅藻种类及硅藻相对丰富度有所差异:长河的优势种属为直链藻属,转河、昆玉河、陶然亭的优势种属为针杆藻属,东护城河、坝河、凉水河、永定河均为小环藻属,亮马河为舟形藻属,永定河引水渠则为菱形藻属.结论 根据建立的硅藻种属及相对构成比数据库,可为溺死的法医学鉴定提供新的依据.
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