To research contamination characteristics of heavy metal in soils of vegetable land in intensive industry area, eight vegetable lands in Cangshan District in Fuzhou were selected, and the characteristics of Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu content in soils were analyzed. The background value of the soil environment in Fujian Province and quality standards of producing environment of food agricultural products were used for the evaluation criteria to assess the status quo of heavy metal contamination in soils of vegetable land and potential ecological risk. The results showed that: Ni content with an average content of 297.53 mg· kg-1 over the standards was most serious in soils of vegetable lands of intensive industry areas surrounding Fuzhou, followed by Pb and Cr, Cu content was the lowest. Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu pollutions in soils beside the old industrial area were more serious than that beside new industrial zone. The results of single pollution index and multiple comprehensive pollution index method were basically the same as the evaluation of Hakanson's method of potential ecological risk factors. Ni pollution index was highest in soils of vegetable land, followed by Pb and Cr, Cu pollution was lightest. Comprehensive pollution of heavy metals in soils of vegetable land was most polluted in Bitou Village, followed by the Liangcuo Village. Potential ecological risk factors were Ni ＞ Pb ＞ Cr ＞ Zn ＞ Cu. The extent of the potential ecological risk was ranked as follows: Bitou Village ＞ Liangcuo Village ＞ Pukou Village ＞ Luo Island ＞ Huangshan Village ＞ Yunfeng Island ＞ Zhulan Island ＞ Panyu. Multiple comprehensive pollution index and the potential ecological risk index in soils of vegetable land around old industrial area were significantly higher than that around the new industrial zone.%为研究工业密集区菜地土壤重金属的污染特征,选取福建省福州市仓山工业密集区周边8片菜地为研究对象,分析土壤Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu的含量特征,以福建省土壤环境背景值和食用农产品产地环境质量标准为评价标准进行菜地土壤重金属污染现状评价和潜在生态风险评价.结果表明:供试菜地土壤中,Ni含量超标最严重,平均含量达297.53 mg·kg-1,其次是Pb和Cr,Cu含量最小,老工业区土壤的Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu污染比新工业区严重.单项污染指数法和多项综合污染指数法与Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法评价的结果基本一致:Ni的污染指数最高、其次是Pb和Cr,Cu污染最轻;壁头村菜地土壤重金属综合污染最严重,其次是梁厝村;潜在生态危害系数大小为:Ni>Pb>Cr>Zn>Cu;潜在生态风险程度大小为:壁头村>梁厝村>浦口村>螺洲>黄山村>云风洲>竹榄洲>盘屿;老工业区周边的菜地土壤重金属综合污染指数和潜在生态危害指数明显高于新工业区.
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