Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) due to dysbacteriosis is becoming more and more obvious with the use of antibiotics in clinical practice.The occurrence of AAD not only harms children's health, but also produces unnecessary economic losses.Therefore, the prevention of the occurrence of AAD in infants and young children is of great significance.Probiotics can prevent AAD has reached a consensus at home and abroad, but the efficacy of probiotics has a certain strain-specific, not all of the probiotic strains on the prevention of infant AAD have a significant effect, so the strain selection needs careful consideration.In this paper, the mechanism of probiotic AAD prevention, the selection of probiotics strains, clinical application and development trend are reviewed.%随着抗生素在临床上的使用,因菌群失调引起的抗生素相关性腹泻(AAD)日显突出.AAD的发生不仅对患儿健康造成伤害,且产生不必要的经济损失.因此,预防婴幼儿AAD的发生具有重要意义.益生菌可以预防AAD在国内外已达成共识,但益生菌的疗效具有一定的菌株特异性,并非所有的益生菌菌株对婴幼儿AAD的预防都有明显的效果,因此在菌株选择时需要注意.本文主要就益生菌预防AAD的机理,菌种的选择,临床应用及发展趋势作一综述.
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