Aiming at change and characteristic of grain production gross in Heilongjiang province since the reform and open up, the article used fluctuation index method to estimate the fluctuation rules, and divide the fluctuation status since 1980’s into four period, analysed the most direct influence factors about the per unit area yield, sown area and their interaction of the total amount of grain fluctuation in different periods, which combined with macroeconomic policy in different times to evaluate grain production fluctuation in Heilongjiang province.% 针对改革开放以来黑龙江省粮食生产总量的变化与特征，运用波动指数法测算其波动规律，并将黑龙江省80年代以来的波动状况划分为4个周期，进一步从单产和播种面积以及两者交互作用来分析不同周期粮食总量变动的最直接影响因素，并结合不同时期宏观经济政策评价黑龙江省粮食生产的波动性。
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