In order to provide a theoretical basis for water-saving agricultural development in arid and semi-arid areas, this test aimed to study the effect of water deficit in late growth stages on yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat under different fertility in potted plant with rain proof shelter. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat, 1 000-kernel weight, spike number,grain number per spike and the yield increased with the improving of soil fertility and water content,and compared with the full irrigation in all stages, sufficient irrigation with each drought stress of 1 000-kernel weight, spike number, grain number per spike and the yield, number of output declines linearly with the increase of soil fertility, which is the leading factor of soil water content. Water use efficiency of low water-stressed wheat was highest under high and moderate fertility conditions, and under low fertility conditions WUE was highest in high water stressed-wheat. In arid and semi-arid areas,improving soil fertility can be used to alleviate the adverse effects of drought on the yield of winter wheat.%采用防雨棚下池栽试验,研究了不同肥力下冬小麦生育后期水分亏缺对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,冬小麦干物质积累量、千粒重、穗数、穗粒数、产量均随土壤肥力和含水量的提高而呈增加的趋势,且与全生育期充分灌溉相比,各干旱胁迫处理的干物质积累量、千粒重、穗数、穗粒数、产量的降幅均随土壤肥力的提高而减小,其中土壤水分含量是主导因素.水分利用效率在高肥力与中肥力条件下以轻中度水分胁迫较高,在重度干旱下以低肥力处理的最高.在干旱、半干旱地区可采用提高土壤肥力的方法缓解干旱对产量的不利影响.
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